Text 2111
Nature, the Eniover, and Consciousness
615
modes are also productions of material nature. All transformations and variety in respect to living entities are due to the body. As far as spirit is concerned, living entities are all the same.
TEXT 21
कार्यकारणकर्तृत्वे हेतुः प्रकृतिरुच्यते । पुरुषः सुखदुःखानां भोक्तृत्वे हेतुरुच्यते ॥२१॥
kārya-kāraṇa-kartṛtve  
 hetuḥ prakṛtir ucyate  
 puruṣaḥ sukha-duḥkhānāṁ  
 bhoktrtve hetur ucyate
kārya —effect;  kāraṇa —cause;  kartṛtve —in the matter of creation;  hetuḥ —instrument;  prakṛtiḥ —material nature;  ucyate —is said to be;  puruṣaḥ —the living entities;  sukha —happiness;  duḥkhānām —of distresses;  bhoktṛtve —in enjoyment;  hetuḥ —instrument;  ucyate —is said to be.
TRANSLATION
Nature is said to be the cause of all material activities and effects, whereas the living entity is the cause of the various sufferings and enjoyments in this world.
PURPORT
The different manifestations of body and senses among the living entities are due to material nature. There are 8,400,000 different species of life, and these varieties are the creation of the material nature. They arise from the different sensual pleasures of the living entity, who thus desires to live in this body or that. When he is put into different bodies, he enjoys different kinds of happiness and distress. His material happiness and distress are due to his body, and not to himself as he is. In his original state there is no doubt of enjoyment; therefore that is his real state. Because of the desire to lord it over material nature, he is in the material world. In the