110
Śrī Īśopaniṣad
ū — like the  ū  in rule but held twice as long as  u .
ṛ — like the  ri  in  Rita  (but more like French  ru ).
ṛī — same as  ṛi  but held twice as long.
lṛ — like lree (lruu).
e — like the  e  in they.
ai — like the  ai  in  aisle .
o — like the  o  in go.
au — like the  ow  in  how .
m̄ (anusvara)-a resonant nasal like the  n  in the French word  bon .
ḥ (visarga)-a final h-sound:  aḥ  is pronounced like  aha ;  iḥ  like  ihi .
The consonants are pronounced as follows:
k 
 — as in  kite  
 kh 
 — as in  Eckhart  
 
 
 g 
 — as in  give  
 gh 
 — as in  dig-hard  
 
 
 ṅ 
 — as in  sing  
 c 
 — as in  chair  
 
 
 ch 
 — as in  staunch-heart  
 j 
 — as in  joy  
 
 
 jh 
 — as in  hedgehog  
 ñ 
 — as in  canyon  
 
 
 ṭ 
 — as in  tub  
 ṭh 
 — as in  light-heart  
 
 
 ṇ 
 — as  rna  (prepare to say the  r  and say  na ). 
 ḍha 
 — as in  red-hot  
 
 
  
  
 ḍ 
 — as in  dove
Cerebrals are pronounced with tongue to roof of mouth, but the following dentals are pronounced with tongue against teeth:
t 
 — as in  tub  but with tongue against teeth. 
 ph 
 — as in  up-hill  (not  f ) 
 
 
 th 
 — as in  light-heart  but tongue against teeth. 
 bh 
 — as in  rub-hard  
 
 
 d 
 — as in  dove  but tongue against teeth. 
 y 
 — as in  yes  
 
 
 dh 
 — as in  red-hot  but with tongue against teeth. 
 l 
 — as in  light  
 
 
 n 
 — as in  nut  but with tongue in between teeth. 
 s 
 — as in  sun  
 
 
 p 
 — as in  pine  
  
  
 
 
 b 
 — as in  bird  
  
  
 
 
 m 
 — as in  mother  
  
  
 
 
 r 
 — as in  run  
  
  
 
 
 v 
 — as in  vine
ś (palatal) as in the  s  in the German word  sprechen .
ṣ (cerebral) — as the  sh  in  shine  h — as in  home
There is no strong accentuation of syllables in Sanskrit, only a flowing of short and long (twice as long as the short) syllables.