90
Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam
u — like the  u  in push.
ū — like the  u  in rule but held twice as long as short  u .
ṛ — like the  ri  in  rim .
ṛ — like  ree  in  reed .
ḷ — like  l  followed by  ṛ  ( lṛ ).
e — like the  e  in they.
ai — like the  ai  in  aisle .
o — like the  o  in go.
au — like the  ow  in how.
ṁ ( anusvāra ) — a resonant nasal like the  n  in the French word  bon .
ḥ ( visarga ) — a final  h -sound:  aḥ  is pronounced like  aha ;  iḥ  like  ihi .
The vowels are written as follows after a consonant:
ſ   ā   ſ   i   ī   u   ū   ṛ   ɛ   ī   e   a   i   o   ī   au
For example:  क   ka   का   kā   कि   ki   की   kī   कु   ku   कू   kū
कृ   kṛ   कृ   kṝ   के   ke   कै   kai   को   ko   कौ   kau
The vowel “a” is implied after a consonant with no vowel symbol.
The symbol virāma ( ʌ ) indicates that there is no final vowel:  क्
The consonants are pronounced as follows:
k  — as in  kite
jh  — as in  hedgehog
kh  — as in  Eckhart
ñ  — as in  canyon
g  — as in  give
ṭ  — as in  tub
gh  — as in  dig-hard
ṭh  — as in  light-heart
ṅ  — as in  sing
ḍ  — as in  dove
c  — as in  chair
ḍha  — as in  red-hot
ch  — as in  staunch-heart
ṇ  — as  rna  (prepare to say the  r  and say  na ).
j  — as in  joy
t  — as in  tub  but with tongue against teeth.
th  — as in  light-heart  but with tongue against teeth.