418
Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam
[Canto 3, Ch. 11]
TRANSLATION
There are five different names for the orbits of the sun, moon, stars and luminaries in the firmament, and they each have their own saṁvatsara.
PURPORT
The subject matters of physics, chemistry, mathematics, astronomy, time and space dealt with in the above verses of  Śrīmad-Bhāgavatam  are certainly very interesting to students of the particular subject, but as far as we are concerned, we cannot explain them very thoroughly in terms of technical knowledge. The subject is summarized by the statement that above all the different branches of knowledge is the supreme control of  kāla , the plenary representation of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. Nothing exists without Him, and therefore everything, however wonderful it may appear to our meager knowledge, is but the work of the magical wand of the Supreme Lord. As far as time is concerned, we beg to subjoin herewith a table of timings in terms of the modern clock.
One  truṭi  - 
 8/13,500 
 second 
 One  laghu  - 
 2 
 minutes 
 
 
 One  vedha  - 
 8/135 
 second 
 One  daṇḍa  - 
 30 
 minutes 
 
 
 One  lava  - 
 8/45 
 second 
 One  prahara  - 
 3 
 hours 
 
 
 One  nimeṣa  - 
 8/15 
 second 
 One day - 
 12 
 hours 
 
 
 One  kṣaṇa  - 
 8/5 
 second 
 One night - 
 12 
 hours 
 
 
 One  kāṣṭhā  - 
 8 
 seconds 
 One  pakṣa  - 
 15 
 days
Two  pakṣas  comprise one month, and twelve months comprise one calendar year, or one full orbit of the sun. A human being is expected to live up to one hundred years. That is the way of the controlling measure of eternal time.
The  Brahma-saṁhitā  affirms this control in this way:
yac cakṣur eṣa savitā sakala-grahāṇāṁ 
    rājā samasta-sura-mūrtir aśeṣa-tejāḥ 
    yasyājñayā bhramati saṁbhṛta-kāla-cakro 
    govindam ādi-puruṣaṁ tam ahaṁ bhajāmi
“I worship Govinda, the primeval Lord, the Supreme Personality of Godhead, under whose control even the sun, which is considered to be the eye of the Lord, rotates within the fixed orbit of eternal time. The sun is the king of all planetary systems and has unlimited potency in heat and light.” (Bs. 5.52)