Text 22]
Lord Rṣabhadeva's Teachings
197
qualified with the eight qualities mentioned in text 24, such as  śama ,  dama ,  satya  and  titikṣā . The  brāhmaṇas  should always be worshiped, and under their guidance the ruler should discharge his duty and rule the citizens. Unfortunately, in this age of Kali, the executive is not selected by very intelligent people, nor is he guided by qualified  brāhmaṇas . Consequently, chaos results. The mass of people should be educated in Krṣṇa consciousness so that according to the democratic process they can select a first-class devotee like Bharata Mahārāja to head the government. If the head of the state is headed by qualified  brāhmaṇas , everything is completely perfect.
In this verse, the evolutionary process is indirectly mentioned. The modern theory that life evolves from matter is to some extent supported in this verse because it is stated,  bhūteṣu vīrudbhyaḥ . That is, the living entities evolve from vegetables, grass, plants and trees, which are superior to dull matter. In other words, matter also has the potency to manifest living entities in the form of vegetables. In this sense, life comes out of matter, but matter also comes out of life. As Krṣṇa says in  Bhagavad-gītā  (10.8),  aham sarvasya prabhavo mattaḥ sarvam pravartate : "I am the source of all spiritual and material worlds. Everything emanates from Me."
There are two energies—material and spiritual—and both originally come from Krṣṇa. Krṣṇa is the supreme living being. Although it may be said that in the material world a living force is generated from matter, it must be admitted that originally matter is generated from the supreme living being.  Nityo nityānām cetanaś cetanānām . The conclusion is that everything, both material and spiritual, is generated from the Supreme Being. From the evolutionary point of view, perfection is reached when the living entity attains the platform of a  brāhmaṇa . A  brāhmaṇa  is a worshiper of the Supreme Brahman, and the Supreme Brahman worships the  brāhmaṇa . In other words, the devotee is subordinate to the Supreme Lord, and the Lord is inclined to see to the satisfaction of His devotee. A  brāhmaṇa  is called  dvija-deva , and the Lord is called  dvija-deva-deva . He is the Lord of  brāhmaṇas .
The evolutionary process is also explained in  Caitanya-caritāmṛta  ( Madhya , Chapter Nineteen), wherein it is said that there are two types of living entities—moving and nonmoving. Among moving entities, there are birds, beasts, aquatics, human beings and so on. Of these, the