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SANSKRIT DIACRITICAL EQUIVALENTS (as used in this book)
Vowels
Ha Ala Zi Fi Ju Ba Wr Wi
x bss
ir We Wai Wo BT au
m (anusvara) —h (visarga)
Consonants
Gutturals: Aka CWkha JTT[ga Ygha Gra
Palatals: “ca a cha ja cS | jha SJ ita
Cerebrals: cd ta Atha Sda G@dha Ofna
Dentals: cj ta J tha G da [dha e{na
Labials: pa Hpha @ba Abha A ma
Semivowels: FZ ya Tra qT la q va
Sibilants: 2T ga q sa G sa
Aspirate: a ha s =’ (avagraha) - the apostrophe
The vowels above should be pronounced as follows:
a — like thea in organ or the u in but.
a — like thea in far but held twice as long as a.
i — like the z in pin.
1 — like the 7 in pique but held twice as long as 7.
u — like the u in push
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