Text 55) Pastimes of Childhood and Youth 229
TRANSLATION

‘My dear sir, in this verse there are five faults and five literary ornaments. | shal!

state them one after another. Kindly hear Me and then give your judgment.
PURPORT

In the verse beginning with mahattvarn gafigayah there are five literary ornaments
and five examples of faulty composition. There are two examples of the fault called
avimysta-vidheyarisa and one example each of the faults viruddha-mati, punar-ukti
and bhagna-krama.

Vimpsta means ‘'clean,’' and vidheydrmsa means ‘‘predicate.”' It is a general rule
of composition to establish a subject first and then give its predicate. For example,
according to Sanskrit grammar if one says, ‘This man is learned,’ his composition
is in order. But if one says, ‘Learned is this man,”' the composition is not in order.
Such a flaw is called avimrsta-vidheyam$a-dosa, or the fault of unclean composition.
The subject matter to be known of the verse is the glorification of the Ganges, and
therefore the word jdam {‘'this’’) or what is known should have been placed before
instead of after the gtorification. The subject matter already known should be
placed before the unknown so that its meaning will not be misconstrued.

The second instance of avimrsta-vidheyGmsa-dosa occurs in the words dvitiya-
Srilaksmir iva. In this composition the word dvitiya (‘‘stcond”") is vidheya, or un-
known. Placing the unknown first to make the compound word dvitiya-srilaksmir
is another fault. The words dvitfya-srilaksmir iva were intended to compare the
Ganges to the goddess of fortune, but because of this fault the meaning of the com-
pound word was bewildering.

The third fault is that of viruddha-mati, or contradictory conception, in the
words bhavani-bhartuh. The word bhavani refers to the wife of Bhava, Lord Siva.
But since Bhavani is already known as the wife of Lord Siva, to add the word
bharta, ‘‘husband,”' thus forming a compound meaning ‘‘the husband of the wife of
Lord Siva,” is contradictory, for thus it appears as if the wife of Lord Siva had
another husband.

The fourth fault is punar-ukti, or redundancy, which occurs when the verb
vibhavati (‘‘flourishes’’), which should have ended the composition, is further quali-
fied by the unnecessary adjective adbhuta-guna (‘‘endowed with wonderful quali-
ties’'). The fifth fault is bhagna-krama, which means ‘‘broken orders.” In the first,
third and fourth lines there is anuprdsa, or alliteration, created by the sounds fa, ra
and bha, but in the second line there is no such gnuprdsa, and therefore the order
is broken.

TEXT 55
aafaqe Facet — gO Sifans foe |
‘fapenfe, Syare’, “Yaate’,—cwta fea neon
‘avimrsta-vidheyamsa’——dui thahi cihna
‘viruddha-mati’, ‘bhagna-krama’, ‘punar-Gtta’,— dosa tina
